What material is most commonly used for residential roofing?

Asphalt shingles, metal, tiles, and wood shakes are commonly used materials for residential roofing due to their wide availability, cost-effectiveness, and variety of aesthetic options. Asphalt shingles, in particular, dominate the residential roofing market because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to install, and come in a range of colors and styles. Metal roofing, while initially more expensive, offers longevity and durability against extreme weather conditions. Tile roofs, often made from clay or concrete, provide a distinctive look and excellent durability, particularly in warmer climates. Wood shakes add a natural element to roofing but require more maintenance.

The other materials listed lack the same level of prevalence and practicality for residential construction. For instance, while thatch and grass can be used as roofing materials in certain cultural contexts, they are not widely adopted in modern residential construction due to their need for frequent maintenance and susceptibility to weather damage. Tar paper is primarily used as an underlayment in roofing systems rather than a final roofing material, and slate, although durable and aesthetically appealing, is less commonly used due to its higher cost and weight considerations.