What does "thermal bridging" refer to in insulation?

Thermal bridging refers to heat transfer through conductive materials that are more efficient than the surrounding insulation. In this phenomenon, areas of a building that have a lower insulating value, such as metal studs, concrete, or wood framing, allow heat to pass through them more readily than the insulated areas. This heat transfer can lead to increased energy loss, creating colder spots in walls, ceilings, and floors, which can cause discomfort and increase heating costs. Understanding thermal bridging is crucial for home inspectors as it impacts energy efficiency and the potential for condensation and mold growth in cooler parts of a building.